Types of Sampling Designs Used in Sociology

Since its rarely possible to study an entire population of focus, researchers use samples when they seek to collect data and answer research questions. A sample is simply a subset of the population being studied; it represents the larger population and is used to draw inferences about that population. Sociologists typically use two sampling techniques: those based on probability and those that are not. They can generate different kinds of samples using both techniques. Non-Probability Sampling Techniques The non-probability model is a technique in which samples are gathered in a way that does not give all individuals in a population equal chances of being selected. While choosing a non-probability method could result in biased data or a limited ability to make general inferences based on the findings, there are also many situations in which choosing this kind of sampling technique is the best choice for the particular research question or the stage of research. Four kinds of samples may be created with the non-probability model. Reliance on Available Subjects Relying on available subjects is a risky model that requires a great deal of caution on the part of the researcher. Since it entails sampling passersby or individuals with whom researchers randomly come into contact, it is sometimes referred to as a convenience sample because it does not allow the researcher to have any control over the representativeness of the sample. While this sampling method has drawbacks, it is useful if the researcher wants to study the characteristics of people passing by on a street corner at a certain point in time, especially if conducting such research would not be possible otherwise. For this reason, convenience samples are commonly used in the early or pilot stages of research, before a larger research project is launched. Though this method can be useful, the researcher will not be able to use the results from a convenience sample to generalize about a wider population. Purposive or Judgmental Sample A purposive or judgmental sample is one that is selected based on the knowledge of a population and the purpose of the study. For example, when sociologists at the University of San Francisco wanted to study the long-term emotional and psychological effects of choosing to terminate a pregnancy, they created a sample that exclusively included women whod gotten abortions. In this case, the researchers used a purposive sample because those being interviewed fit a specific purpose or description that was necessary to conduct the research. Snowball Sample A snowball sample is appropriate to use in research when the members of a population are difficult to locate, such as homeless individuals, migrant workers, or undocumented immigrants. A snowball sample is one in which the researcher collects data on the few members of the target population he or she can locate and then asks those individuals to provide the information needed to locate other members of that population. For example, if a researcher wanted to interview undocumented immigrants from Mexico, she might interview a few undocumented individuals that she knows or can locate. Afterward, she would rely on those subjects to help locate more undocumented individuals. This process continues until the researcher has all the interviews she needs, or until all contacts have been exhausted. This technique is useful when studying a sensitive topic that people might not openly talk about, or if talking about the issues under investigation could jeopardize their safety. A recommendation from a friend or acquaintance that the researcher can be trusted works to grow the sample size.   Quota Sample A quota sample is one in which units are selected into a sample on the basis of pre-specified characteristics so that the total sample has the same distribution of characteristics assumed to exist in the population being studied. For example, researchers conducting a national quota sample might need to know which proportion of the population is male and which proportion is female. They might also need to know the percentage of men and women who fall under different age, race, or class brackets, among others. The researcher would then collect a sample that reflected those proportions. Probability Sampling Techniques The probability model is a technique wherein samples are gathered in a way that gives all the individuals in the population an equal chance of being selected. Many consider this to be the more methodologically rigorous approach to sampling because it eliminates social biases that could shape the research sample. Ultimately, though, the sampling technique you choose should be the one that best allows you to respond to your particular research question. There are four kinds of probability sampling techniques. Simple Random Sample The simple random sample is the basic sampling method assumed in statistical methods and computations. To collect a simple random sample, each unit of the target population is assigned a number. A set of random numbers  is then generated and the units of those numbers are included in the sample. A researcher studying a population of 1,000 might wish to choose a random sample of 50 people. First, each person is numbered 1 through 1,000. Then, you generate a list of 50 random numbers, typically with a computer program, and the individuals assigned those numbers are the ones included in the sample. When studying people, this technique is best used with a homogenous population, or one that does not differ much by age, race, education level, or class. This is because when dealing with a more heterogeneous population, a researcher runs the risk of creating a biased sample if demographic differences are not taken into account. Systematic Sample In a systematic sample, the elements of the population are put into a list and then every nth element in the list is chosen systematically for inclusion in the sample. For example, if the population of study contained 2,000 students at a high school and the researcher wanted a sample of 100 students, the students would be put into list form and then every 20th student would be selected for inclusion in the sample. To ensure against any possible human bias in this method, the researcher should select the first individual at random. This is technically called a systematic sample with a random start. Stratified Sample A stratified sample is a sampling technique in which the researcher divides the entire target population into different subgroups  or strata, and then randomly selects the final subjects proportionally from the different strata. This type of sampling is used when the researcher wants to highlight specific subgroups within the population. For example, to obtain a stratified sample of university students, the researcher would first organize the population by college class and then select appropriate numbers of freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors. This would ensure that the researcher has adequate amounts of subjects from each class in the final sample. Cluster Sample Cluster sampling may be used when it is either impossible or impractical to compile an exhaustive list of the elements that make up the target population. Usually, however, the population elements are already grouped into subpopulations and lists of those subpopulations already exist or can be created. Perhaps a studys target population is church members in the United States. There is no list of all church members in the country. The researcher could, however, create a list of churches in the United States, choose a sample of churches, and then obtain lists of members from those churches. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1716 Words

Although times and people change, people’s general thoughts and actions in comparable situations remain timeless. This statement should be considered when determining whether or not The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne should still be including in high school curriculum. Many people argue that it should not be; that the book is outdated and could in no way relate to the lives of the young adults reading the classic novel. In the story, Hester Prynne, a Puritan woman, commits the shameful act of adultery. Since she did in fact commit a sin, Hester is looked down upon by her community and is forced to wear a scarlet letter A on her chest as a constant reminder of her actions. Throughout the story, Hester is forced to live and deal with the repercussions of her sin from the townspeople as well the people relating to the sinful action. Although the plot and setting of seventeenth century Massachusetts do not seem to relate to teenagers reading the book, the themes and ideas p resented in the novel have eternal messages. Ideas pertaining to deception to maintain a reputation or for protection and the ongoing struggle of being accepted in society are themes that do not have an expiration date. Although The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne could seem like an outdated work of literature as it took place hundreds of years ago, it is still read and taught in high schools due to its portrayal of undying and universal themes. Due to the extreme pride people take in theirShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1242 Words   |  5 PagesLYS PAUL Modern Literature Ms. Gordon The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is book written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who is known as one the most studied writers because of his use of allegory and symbolism. He was born on July 4, 1804 in the family of Nathaniel, his father, and Elizabeth Clark Hathorne his mother. Nathaniel added â€Å"W† to his name to distance himself from the side of the family. His father Nathaniel, was a sea captain, and died in 1808 with a yellow fever while at sea. That was aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writing about events in a societyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† are; shame, guilt, and ability. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the firstRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. 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He does this to torture DimmesdaleRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat human nature knows right from wrong, but is naturally evil and that no man is entirely â€Å"good†. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of the classic novel The Scarlet Letter, believes that every man is innately good and Hawthorne shows that everyone has a natural good side by Hester’s complex character, Chillingworth’s actions and Dimmesdale’s selfless personality. At the beginning of the Scarlet Letter Hester Prynne is labeled as the â€Å"bad guy†. The townspeople demand the other adulterer’s name, butRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1517 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne composes Pearl as a powerful character even though she is not the main one. Her actions not only represent what she is as a person, but what other characters are and what their actions are. Hawthorne makes Pearl the character that helps readers understand what the other characters are. She fits perfectly into every scene she is mentioned in because of the way her identity and personality is. Pearl grows throughout the book, which in the end, help the readers better understandRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 Pages In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century America. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1319 Words   |  6 PagesPrynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are subject to this very notion in Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter. Hester simply accepted that what she had done was wrong, whereas Dimmesdale, being a man of high regard, did not want to accept the reality of what he did. Similar to Hester and Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth allows his emotions to influence his life; however, his influence came as the result of hi s anger. Throughout the book, Hawthorne documents how Dimmesdale and Hester s different ways of dealingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1714 Words   |  7 PagesSome two hundred years following the course of events in the infamous and rigid Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the 1600s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, descendant of a Puritan magistrate, in the 19th century, published The Scarlet Letter. Wherein such work, Hawthorne offered a social critique against 17th Massachusetts through the use of complex and dynamic characters and literary Romanticism to shed light on said society’s inherent contradiction to natural order and natural law. In his conclusive statements

Canadas Water Crisis

Canadas Water Crisis-Do we Sell? Essay Since more than 70% of the Earth is covered with water, one would assume that there is enough water for everyone. However, this statement would be incorrect. Only 3% of that water is considered usable and 2% of the usable water is locked in the polar ice caps. This leaves 1% of that water for the use of humans. Canada possesses a substantial amount of this water, while other countries are less fortunate. One of these countries is the United States of America, the biggest users of water in the world. They are looking for a new source of water and have been hoping Canada can be this new source. The Canadian government should accept the proposal to sell water in bulk to the United States due to the availability, the safety and the economic opportunities it would bring. Water is easily available to Canadians. According to Report Newsmagazine, Canada possesses 20% of the worlds Fresh Water. Report also states that Canada possesses only 0.5% of the worlds population. This means that on a per capita basis, Canada has more water than any other nation. Furthermore, water is a renewable resource, which means that once it is used, it may be used again after the water cycle. Many other materials Canada sells to the United States are not renewable. Dennis Owens, the senior Frontier Centre analyst says, Here we are giving non-renewable oil and gas to the U.S., then water falls from the sky and goes into the ocean and we wont give it to them. In Newfoundland, Gisbourne Lake has the potential to drain 500,000 cubic meters of water per week. This drainage would only lower the level of the lake one inch and this would naturally be replenished within ten hours. Canada has cut down trees that will take 100 years to grow back and sold them. Selling our water will no t be a loss to us as the water will replenish in little time. The oil, gas, coal and trees will not. Companies have the technology and the knowledge to divert or sell water in a way that is safe on the environment. Part of the Canadian population has been misled to believe that Canada will not have enough water for its residents if it sells water to the United States. This is a myth. Toronto MP Dennis Mills says, Many people just dont understand the issue. They have this idea that the Americans are going to build the biggest pipeline the world has ever seen and drain the Great Lakes dry. There are many proposed diversion schemes that would have minimal effect on ecology. The water diversion scheme in Manitoba is an example of this. It proposes that an insulated pipeline be stationed at the mouth of the Nelson River just before it empties into Hudson Bay. This scheme would allow the Nelson River to run its full, natural course and only divert 1% of the fresh water that is currently being emptied into Hudson Bay. The Canadian people have being misled that the world is going to run out of water. According to cbc.ca, the amount of water on the earth has stayed the same for the last four billion years, and will not change. Canadians have enough water especially compared to many other countries. According to The Globe and Mail, Maude Barlow has said 31 countries are facing water stress and scarcity and more than a billion people lack adequate access to clean drinking. By the year 2025, as much as two-thirds of the worlds population will be living with a serious scarcity of water. This quote displays that other countries need the water and can put it to better use than Canada can. Canada is a nation that has always tried to help others and this opportunity would benefit both the United States and Canada. .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c , .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c .postImageUrl , .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c , .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c:hover , .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c:visited , .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c:active { border:0!important; } .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c:active , .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf054742edaf95494f8c7cc3c4485a88c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How Many Pages is 7500 Words?The economic opportunities of these water diversion projects are endless. They have the potential to bring billions of dollars into the country and better the economy from what it is now. According to HRM Guide Canada, Canada has an unemployment rate of 7%. This whole new industry could lower that rate by providing thousands of jobs, if Canadians will just let it. The industry would have available jobs in bottling plants, construction of the pipelines, and loading tankers. The small town of Grande Le Pierre, 30 kilometres away from Gisbourne Lake has an unemployment rate of 40%. The whole of Newfoundland and Labrador can use this new industry a s they have the highest rate of unemployment in Canada at 15.3%. This province would be greatly affected by the water schemes as the unemployment rate would no longer be so high, improving the Canadian economy. Revenue from this industry would be going to the government, thus it will lower the high tuition costs in all the participating provinces. These participating provinces would be Newfoundland and Labrador, British Columbia, Manitoba and even Ontario, just to start. Canada owes it to their students, to aid in investing in their futures and the future of this country. The Manitoba-based water diversion scheme alone would generate four billion dollars per year of net profit. This amount of money is equal to approximately half the provinces yearly budget. Dennis Owens says, It is enough money to make Manitoba a have rather than a have-not province related to others Manitoba could now have the potential to become just as industrialized and important as a province such as Ontario. T he whole of Canada would benefit economically from water schemes. Selling water to the United States would be possible, safe and would create numerous economic opportunities, which Canada can not afford to pass up. Canada has access to more fresh water than any other country, which the Canadian citizens will not use. Sharing this water with the United States, and getting something back in return, would be safe to the ecology and Canada will still have enough water for themselves. The water will always be waiting there, however the economic opportunity is one that would have to be taken advantage of now. The United States will not wait forever for Canada to make a decision. The Canadian government needs to act now!

NCB Customer Expectations and Perceptions

Introduction The National Commercial Bank of Saudi Arabia was established in 1953. It was the initial bank in Saudi Arabia. Most of people, who knew about banking, depended solely on it for financial services. The citizens did not know about any other bank, as it was the only one, which existed (Baker 112).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on NCB Customer Expectations and Perceptions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Currently, this bank is the biggest in whole of Middle East. The latest information gotten about it indicates that it has a paid up capital of US $ 1600 million. Towards the end of 2007, the overall amount of assets that it owned were US $ 55658 million. In the same year of 2007, it managed a net profit of US $ 1610 million. The bank is known for its efforts in delivering quality services to its customers for a long period it has existed in the market. Through leveraging technology, National Commercial B ank of Saudi Arabia is in a position to offer the most modern services among its competitors. It has also tried to maintain the traditions of Saudi Arabia, during its time of offering these services to its customers. It has 266 retail outlets that are committed in offering Islamic banking services. One of its strength is its wide customer base, which is approximately 2 million, which is managed well through effective array of delivery control (Shaw 105). More to its effective services to customers, the National commercial bank of Saudi Arabia has approximately 942 ATMs and 7000point of sale outlets. It initiated the introduction of online-banking services in Saudi Arabia. It managed this, through the usage of credit cards to facilitate the mobile banking that made the services of customers more effective with time. According to the news that were obtained in 2007, more than 85% of the customers banking services were done through alternative delivery channels, which was a sign of the advancement of the National Commercial Bank customer services. This bank is also known by its big space through which it operates its foreign exchange and money market in the whole of Middle East. This effective service of handling foreign exchange has made its customers to be more satisfied as all their needs are` met satisfactorily within its premises. The main areas of the case study are the challenges that the bank faced, of the need to reduce manual processes, time and costs in efforts of giving its clients an online channel for its corporate clients (Shaw 503). The solution of the challenge was the generation of a web-based solution that improved the flexibility and extensibility. The overall benefits that the bank enjoyed were streamlining the operations, improved customer service and reduced total operating costs that the bank incurred initially.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The case study In the year 2003, the National Commercial Bank was working tirelessly towards enhancing its banking services to some of its corporate bodies. This was the time when these corporate bodies, the clients of National Commercial Bank received services from the bank directly (Shaw 612). Through receiving these services directly, the corporate bodies’ clients, had the chance to interact with the bank through its retail outlets, whereby the work of the manual processes increased leading to some key issues that required to be addressed on time. The main channel for corporate clients It was a routine for these corporate clients to report to the bank branches for their normal enquiries and cash transactions. Although it was relying on the PC banking solution, which was a direct transaction to serve few customers, it was hard for the bank to reduce the branch overhead. This was a result of the presence of a huge number of cashiers within one branch, and the i ncreased foreign currency draft request, that were made by the corporate clients (Baker 316). All these transactions required some personnel to handle the manual operations at the branch levels. Most of the time, it was a must for the bank tellers to keep regular interaction with the treasury help desk to inquire and decide on the most favorable exchange rate to be used in settling the corporate clients. Features in incumbent system The use of Personal computer banking services in the branches resulted to limited functionality. The main issue that brought about some controversies was that, the cash management elements for coming up with the best exchange rates to handle the problems of the clients online were not available. The treasury system could not solve the foreign currency issues through online mode. Another major issue that needed some attention was that, some liquidity management elements such as time deposits management were not readily available (Shaw 475). For instance, incase there was a need for SWIFT payments to be made; the corporate client had to visit the bank branch or communicate with relationship manager to give the required authorization by fax. This act was not admirable, as it was resulting to some delays of urgent customer’s requests. Another issue that the bank faced was Non Web-enabled transactions This was a great challenge to both the bank and its customers. One of the major issues that challenged the bank is lack of a bank website, where the clients would access some of the information to solve their problems.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on NCB Customer Expectations and Perceptions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The absence of a bank web where the clients could visit for some solutions resulted to an increased manual processing for both the bank and its esteemed clients. For instance, the clients from the corporate bodies were forced to prepare thei r payroll sheets in advance by following the specifications that were required by the bank, and then present the sheets to the bank for further processing (Baker 580). This was too much work for customers to handle, as they were expecting all this work done by the bank itself, through the application of the advanced technology. The bank developed a high desire of solving such problems to ensure that their customers were served well and satisfactorily without much struggle. This was also a desire for clients to receive the best form of services from their entrusted bank. Solution overview The National Commercial Bank of Saudi Arabia did an evaluation of how the banking solutions could be found online, and it managed to come up with Infosys as its technology partner that would provide solutions to its problems (Reid 226). Through collaborating with Infosys, there was an introduction of Infosys Finacle web based cash management software, which the bank planned to implement within the n ext one year. The application of this web based cash management software with the help of other competent technologies like J2EE and .NET managed to solve major problems associated with online banking. Through the use of these technologies by the National Commercial Bank, it was possible to eliminate the hardships of travelling by providing anytime, anywhere access to the needed information by both the banks clients and the employees. There were other benefits that the bank enjoyed from the introduction of such technologies like global liquidity management, short term clients investments through the bank, and easier management of international payments such making it to enjoy rich set of functionality (Reid 123). The web based cash management software has a capability of offering multi-channel delivery through both the personal computer and other wireless devices. The application of this solution to the bank branches also ensures reduced Total Cost of Ownership, effective services t o the clients, time saving for clients and the tellers, and quick maintenance for the bank in general. Banks corporate customers Another solution that was worth celebration by the banks clients was that the clients did not have to visit the bank branches for inquiries and other cash transactions like those that they used to do before. The new system gave the clients some opportunities to remotely login by use of a browser, do some inquiries, and later conduct some transactions with National commercial Bank.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The corporate customers still can as well access the liquidity management features through online, and handle some issues like setting up account sweep guidelines, come up with money market deals, and receive an automated reconciliation of the account cash transactions (Reid 201). This exercise allows clients to have access to their account whenever they need it, to ensure their accounts are safe and not tampered with by any stranger. These applications provided for more security of the clients account. Cutting-edge features By Finacle web based cash management software, the national commercial bank treasury is able to obtain the current online exchange rates that would be important while doing foreign exchange transactions with the corporate (Baker 405). It became possible for the corporate clients to receive the latest rate during the cash transactions with the bank. This system also has a capability of allowing the corporate to send their draft requests online. The Finacle system also works with the National Commercial Bank especially the main banking system to ensure the clients requests are processed as quickly as possible. The real time transaction processing Another major improvement was that the corporate could easily send their payroll sheets through the internet a safe connection (Baker 315). Once the banks receive these payroll sheets to confirm whether they are in accordance with their specifications, the bank takes them to the main banking system for further processing. This action saved much time as the corporate used to visit the bank branch to present their payroll sheets for final processing. Through the online services, the bank keeps on updating the corporate about the status of their payroll processes. The benefits Through working hand in hand with Finacle the National Commercial Bank has managed to handle its business challenges, and has successfully met the demands of its clients especially the corporate ones (Reid 98). The introduction o f the online banking services creates a most convenient customer experience and effective services to be enjoyed by both clients and employees. One indication of showing that customers are enjoying the online banking services is through the increased number of the customers preferring online service to other retail outlets. The banks online services act as a virtual branch for the National Commercial Bank thus reducing the overall operating cost of it, due to the decrease of corporate transactions and bank staffs. Moreover, the online services have resulted to rich functionality whereby the workload in every branch is reduced thus streamlining the overall operations. The accessibility of various transactions by the bank from one point became possible thus enabling it to fix the prices of the products and services in the best way. According to the information obtained from the Deputy General Manager of National Commercial Bank, he confessed that the cash management solution made them to take very crucial steps. Such steps included adding business value to their corporate customers, receiving the flexibility and functionalities that would place them in a very competitive edge compared to other global banks (Reid 117). The bank was also in a position to have a real time transaction processing potential and acquired a more business value according to their expectations. The deputy general manager of the bank gave a speech to assure the public how much the bank has benefitted from the Finacle web based cash management solution. There were no doubts that it enjoyed many benefits from this system especially fulfilling the dreams of their clients. Some of the questions that may arise from the above case study are: Questions What were the challenges that were associated with the introduction of Finacle web based cash management solution. Was the cost of installing the system worthy compared to the benefits that the bank enjoyed? Is the bank still looking for more tech nological advancements? Works Cited Baker, Michael. The Marketing Book. Michigan: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007. Reid, Robert. Hospitality Marketing Management. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2009. Shaw, John. International Marketing: Strategy and Theory. Michigan: Taylor Francis, 2008. This report on NCB Customer Expectations and Perceptions was written and submitted by user Mina Rosario to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.